中國(guó)儲(chǔ)能網(wǎng)訊：日前，美國(guó)儲(chǔ)能協(xié)會(huì)（ESA）負(fù)責(zé)人對(duì)美國(guó)前能源部長(zhǎng)朱棣文（Steven Chu）提出的有關(guān)儲(chǔ)能技術(shù)局限性的評(píng)論做出了回應(yīng)。
美國(guó)儲(chǔ)能協(xié)會(huì)（ESA）首席執(zhí)行官Kelly Speakes-Backman對(duì)此表示，人們應(yīng)該注意到儲(chǔ)能技術(shù)價(jià)格的持續(xù)下滑，同時(shí)也需要在研發(fā)方面投入更多的資金以提高其能力。
曾在奧巴馬政府任職的朱棣文表示，特斯拉公司首席執(zhí)行官伊隆·馬斯克（Elon Musk）在南澳大利亞州部署的鋰離子電池儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)的成本是產(chǎn)生同等發(fā)電量的現(xiàn)有水力發(fā)電廠成本的40倍左右。他表示，雖然部署電池儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)的成本在未來(lái)十年可能會(huì)減半，但這種方法的成本永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)低到可以適應(yīng)可再生能源生產(chǎn)的大幅度季節(jié)性變化。
而Speakes-Backman表示，她與朱棣文曾經(jīng)達(dá)成一致意見(jiàn)，電池儲(chǔ)能將能夠提供日常使用的電能，甚至可能提供多日。
她也同意他的一個(gè)看法，即季節(jié)性?xún)?chǔ)能將需要采用不同的技術(shù)，其中可能包括電力-天然氣儲(chǔ)能。
Speakes-Backman說(shuō)，“然而，在目前的市場(chǎng)設(shè)計(jì)和公共政策下，季節(jié)性?xún)?chǔ)能市場(chǎng)并不存在，研發(fā)投資可以幫助使季節(jié)性?xún)?chǔ)能技術(shù)成本更低，因?yàn)槭袌?chǎng)和政策的發(fā)展對(duì)季節(jié)性?xún)?chǔ)能所帶來(lái)的屬性進(jìn)行了評(píng)估?！?
她還指出，目前已經(jīng)在使用電池儲(chǔ)能來(lái)補(bǔ)充或替代現(xiàn)有的發(fā)電能力，提供電網(wǎng)穩(wěn)定服務(wù)，并提供現(xiàn)場(chǎng)備份，以強(qiáng)化相應(yīng)技術(shù)的快速進(jìn)展。
她說(shuō)，“值得注意的是，儲(chǔ)能技術(shù)成本比大多數(shù)預(yù)測(cè)下降的速度要快得多，所以這個(gè)市場(chǎng)的評(píng)估者和觀察者在評(píng)估儲(chǔ)能成本時(shí)必須要靈活。過(guò)去四年來(lái)，電池儲(chǔ)能的安裝成本下降了50％，而且這個(gè)速度在未來(lái)幾年可能會(huì)持續(xù)下去。當(dāng)然，其結(jié)果就是儲(chǔ)能項(xiàng)目的經(jīng)濟(jì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)將會(huì)更加激烈。
我們剛剛從Xcel Colorado公司的咨詢(xún)報(bào)告中了解到，在2023年之前交付的風(fēng)電和儲(chǔ)能組合電力價(jià)格為21美元/兆瓦時(shí)，太陽(yáng)能和儲(chǔ)能組合的電價(jià)為36美元/兆瓦時(shí)。這個(gè)報(bào)告表明開(kāi)發(fā)商在不久的將來(lái)能夠獲得成本更低、更多的儲(chǔ)能電源?！?
Speakes-Backman接著補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，“隨著儲(chǔ)能技術(shù)價(jià)格繼續(xù)下滑，春業(yè)績(jī)范圍和持續(xù)時(shí)間將會(huì)繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大。這意味著新的兆瓦級(jí)電池儲(chǔ)能項(xiàng)目將會(huì)持續(xù)供電更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。事實(shí)上，目前電池儲(chǔ)能在經(jīng)濟(jì)上沒(méi)有補(bǔ)貼，持續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)達(dá)8小時(shí)。”
她總結(jié)說(shuō)，在美國(guó)各地安裝的儲(chǔ)能設(shè)施的成本越來(lái)越低，在亞利桑那州、北卡羅萊納州和夏威夷等多個(gè)州的公用事業(yè)綜合資源計(jì)劃（IRP）證明電池儲(chǔ)能是一種經(jīng)濟(jì)資源。
而人們可以理解的是，燃料電池技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的運(yùn)營(yíng)商對(duì)于朱棣文的評(píng)論表示認(rèn)同。
負(fù)責(zé)運(yùn)營(yíng)燃料電池能源網(wǎng)絡(luò)的Blueterra的能源顧問(wèn)Jeroen Buunk表示，燃料電池能夠解決電池儲(chǔ)能以外的問(wèn)題。
他說(shuō)，“雖然電池儲(chǔ)能在未來(lái)的電力系統(tǒng)中將扮演重要的角色，但在冬季電力短缺的情況下，電池儲(chǔ)能部署并不能滿(mǎn)足用電需求，仍然需要調(diào)整能源生產(chǎn)來(lái)度過(guò)電力短缺的時(shí)期。而采用燃料電池則很完美，從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，氫燃料電池具有很大的潛力，可以用過(guò)量的電能來(lái)產(chǎn)生氫氣，通過(guò)電解，在電力不足的時(shí)候作為燃料電池的燃料。”
盡管朱棣文提出了這樣的看法，但專(zhuān)家對(duì)可再生能源滲透率不同的季節(jié)性?xún)?chǔ)能的必要性也存在一些分歧，美國(guó)國(guó)家可再生能源實(shí)驗(yàn)室的報(bào)告證明了這一點(diǎn)。（中國(guó)儲(chǔ)能網(wǎng)獨(dú)家編譯，轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明來(lái)源）
原文如下：
Energy Storage Association chief responds to former US energy secretary comments
02/01/2018
By Diarmaid Williams
International Digital Editor
The head of the Energy Storage Association (ESA) in the US has responded to comments made by former energy secretary Steven Chu about the limitations of storage technology.
Kelly Speakes-Backman, CEO of ESA told Power Engineering International, that commentators should note the continuing decline in the price of the technology, and also the need to invest more in research and development to bolster its capabilities.
Professor Chu, who served during the Obama administration, was reported in the Australian as saying that the huge lithium-ion battery built in South Australia by Tesla boss Elon Musk had cost about 40 times as much as an equivalent power plant using an existing hydro-electric dam. He said while the costs of building battery plants were likely to halve over the next decade, the approach would never be cheap enough to accommodate the big seasonal shifts in renewable power production.
Speakes-Backman told PEi she was in agreement with Professor Chu when he stated that batteries will prove capable of providing daily storage and potentially even multi-day storage.
She also concurred with him that seasonal storage will require different technologies, which could include power-to-gas storage.
“However, under present market designs and public policy, there is not a market for seasonal storage R&D investments can help make technologies for seasonal storage cheaper, as markets and policy evolve to value the attributes that seasonal storage provides. “
Speakes-Backman also pointed out that battery storage is already being used today to complement or replace existing wires and generation capacity, provide grid stabilization services, and provide onsite backup for resilience, before emphasising the relatively rapid progress being made, in tems of costs and technical development.
“It is important to note that the cost of storage has dropped much faster than most predictions, and so evaluators and observers of this market must be nimble in their assessment of storage costs.”
“The installed cost of battery grid storage fell 50 per cent in the last four years, and this rate is likely to continue for the next several years. The result, of course, is that storage project economics are increasingly competitive.”
“We’ve just seen from the Xcel Colorado all-source solicitation reported median bids (meaning half are lower) for combined wind & storage PPAs at $21/MWh and solar & storage PPAs at $36/MWh for delivery before 2023. The Xcel Colorado bids show just how much cheaper developers expect it to get in the near future.”
The ESA chief went on to add that ‘a(chǎn)s prices continue to decline, performance range and duration will continue to expand.’
“This means new megawatt-scale battery storage projects are arriving with longer durations. In fact, battery storage is being deployed economically without subsidies today,in durations up to 8 hours.”
The ESA chief concluded comments by noting that installations are already economic across the US, as evidenced by utility Integrated Resource Plans (IRPs) in states as diverse as Arizona, North Carolina, and Hawaii selecting battery storage as an economic resource.
Professor Chu’s comments were understandably better received by operators in the fuel cell technology sector.
Jeroen Buunk, energy consultant at Blueterra, which operates the Fuel Cell Energy Network, told Power Engineering International that fuel cells were capable of solving issues, beyond the capability of batteries.
"Although batteries will have an important role in the electricity system of the future, they won’t be a solution for covering the electricity needs during long-time electricity shortages in the winter. There will still be a need for adjustable energy production to cover the periods of electricity shortage."
"Fuel cells would be perfect to that. I would add to Professor Chu's comments that, in the long-term, hydrogen fuel cells have a lot of potential. Excess electricity could be used to produce hydrogen via electrolysis and in times of electricity shortage used as fuel for fuel cells."
Despite Chu’s assertions, there is some disagreement among experts on the necessity of seasonal storage under varying levels of renewable energy penetration, as evidenced in National Renewable Energy Laboratory reports.
