中國(guó)儲(chǔ)能網(wǎng)訊：日前，美國(guó)亞利桑那州的監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)Andy Tobin公司提出了一項(xiàng)計(jì)劃，這個(gè)計(jì)劃的目標(biāo)是2050年亞利桑那州80%的電力來(lái)自可再生能源，并承諾審查現(xiàn)行的可再生能源標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和關(guān)稅（REST）政策，以利用可再生能源來(lái)實(shí)施建立清潔能源高峰（Clean Peak）的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，并部署3,000兆瓦的儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)，可以利用其白天產(chǎn)生的低價(jià)能源。
而亞利桑那州所提出的作為電網(wǎng)現(xiàn)代化政策一部分的3000兆瓦的儲(chǔ)能目標(biāo)，意味著該州承認(rèn)了該技術(shù)在減少化石燃料需求方面的作用。
該公司將在接下來(lái)的幾個(gè)星期內(nèi)就這個(gè)提案進(jìn)行表決。Stratagen咨詢公司副總裁兼咨詢主管Lon Huber表示，預(yù)計(jì)將在六個(gè)月至一年內(nèi)得出最終投票結(jié)果，并使這個(gè)監(jiān)管提案具有法律約束力。
3GW儲(chǔ)能部署將是美國(guó)各州迄今為止規(guī)模最大的目標(biāo)。例如，加利福尼亞州要求在2024年實(shí)現(xiàn)其制定1.35GW的目標(biāo)，紐約州要求在2025年實(shí)現(xiàn)其1.5GW的目標(biāo)。雖然亞利桑那州的部署時(shí)間比較晚，但其規(guī)模高于其他州。
亞利桑那州的商業(yè)屋頂光伏系統(tǒng)，近年來(lái)該州的公用事業(yè)太陽(yáng)能價(jià)格大幅下滑
Lon Huber表示，這個(gè)目標(biāo)的確定與亞利桑那州主要的幾家公用事業(yè)公司（包括亞利桑那公共服務(wù)公司）已知的新燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)設(shè)施開(kāi)發(fā)計(jì)劃密切相關(guān)，亞利桑那公共服務(wù)公司預(yù)計(jì)到2032年將建設(shè)一個(gè)電力容量為5GW的天然氣發(fā)合并廠。Huber表示，3GW的儲(chǔ)能目標(biāo)可能只是該州“公用事業(yè)的IRP（綜合資源計(jì)劃）”中新的一小部分。
他說(shuō)，“人們認(rèn)為這是符合成本效益的儲(chǔ)能部署，這可能是基于未來(lái)15年內(nèi)對(duì)于可再生能源的需求。我認(rèn)為這里的創(chuàng)新取決于不同的州以及它們的運(yùn)作方式，這些州最終可能會(huì)購(gòu)買(mǎi)大量的可再生能源，但是仍然需要大量的化石能源。”
盡管可再生能源加儲(chǔ)能的部署可能還沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備好取代大型熱電廠的角色。Huber表示，就亞利桑那州運(yùn)營(yíng)的美國(guó)最大的核電廠而言，在提供基荷能源方面，通常只有穩(wěn)定電網(wǎng)的峰值電站才能做到。儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)提供商和集成商Fluence的Marek Kubik撰寫(xiě)了一篇關(guān)于愛(ài)爾蘭電網(wǎng)的學(xué)術(shù)研究報(bào)告，顯示了蓄電池在穩(wěn)定電網(wǎng)方面所起的作用遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于熱力發(fā)電。
Huber說(shuō)，Tobin公司似乎已經(jīng)意識(shí)到，納稅人不應(yīng)該為部署的可再生能源和化石燃料用于穩(wěn)定電網(wǎng)支付費(fèi)用，亞利桑那州將使用可再生能源來(lái)減少化石能源的發(fā)電，這將讓納稅人不得不為資源支付兩倍的費(fèi)用。
Huber表示，實(shí)質(zhì)上，亞利桑那州的公用事業(yè)規(guī)模的太陽(yáng)能價(jià)格低于燃料發(fā)電價(jià)格，在25年的購(gòu)電協(xié)議中，每千瓦時(shí)低至2.5至3美分，而亞利桑那州擁有成本超低的電力，現(xiàn)在可以用來(lái)滿足高峰需求。
這個(gè)計(jì)劃在多方面的提案要求：
·政策框架的現(xiàn)代化 - 包括將資源能源標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和關(guān)稅（REST）政策重新命名為清潔資源能源標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和關(guān)稅（CREST）。該公司表示將允許制定更廣泛的有關(guān)清潔能源、儲(chǔ)能、能源效率的多樣化能源政策，而不僅僅是那些與可再生能源有關(guān)的政策。
·80％的清潔能源目標(biāo) - 到2050年，亞利桑那州80％的能源來(lái)自可再生能源和清潔能源，其終極目標(biāo)是100％，盡管這并沒(méi)有給出時(shí)間表。公用事業(yè)公司將向監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)提交年度CREST計(jì)劃，以展示他們將如何努力實(shí)現(xiàn)這些目標(biāo)。
到2030年，亞利桑那州的儲(chǔ)能目標(biāo)將達(dá)到3,000MW ，該委員會(huì)的目標(biāo)是使該州能夠“平衡”在太陽(yáng)下產(chǎn)生的非高峰電力，同時(shí)為電網(wǎng)增加彈性和穩(wěn)定性。公用事業(yè)公司將再次向監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)提交年度CREST實(shí)施計(jì)劃。
·生物質(zhì)能源 -公用事業(yè)每年采購(gòu)的目標(biāo)為 60兆瓦。這項(xiàng)政策背后的一部分理念是，可持續(xù)地從森林等生物質(zhì)獲取燃料。
·清潔高峰標(biāo)準(zhǔn)-規(guī)定的公用事業(yè)將被要求設(shè)定一個(gè)清潔高峰目標(biāo)，充分利用可再生能源。公用事業(yè)單位每年必須逐步增加可再生能源峰值能源基準(zhǔn)數(shù)量1.5％，亞利桑那州再次提交年度CREST實(shí)施計(jì)劃。
Lon Huber表示，盡管在亞利桑那州已經(jīng)有一些太陽(yáng)能公司開(kāi)始實(shí)施，特別是在公用事業(yè)公司推出住宅太陽(yáng)能項(xiàng)目，但該州的公用事業(yè)規(guī)模太小，價(jià)格更加低廉，因此對(duì)太陽(yáng)能公用事業(yè)公司的需求在一段時(shí)間以來(lái)一直強(qiáng)勁。
“亞利桑那州的配送體系與紐約和加利福尼亞州不一樣，沒(méi)有受到巨大負(fù)荷的限制，但也無(wú)法接入電網(wǎng)，所以配電系統(tǒng)無(wú)法彌補(bǔ)7美分電費(fèi)的差距。所以我認(rèn)為重要的是人們要注意到亞利桑那州在分布式和公用事業(yè)規(guī)模方面是不同的?！盚uber說(shuō)。
Huber表示，電力公司將不得不修改他們的15年綜合資源計(jì)劃（IRP）以符合新的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，人們將會(huì)觀望圖森電力(TEP)，APS公司和NV能源公司的舉措。而這些公司是最近宣布的可再生能源招標(biāo)（包括考慮的儲(chǔ)能）的能源系統(tǒng)的主要利益相關(guān)者。根據(jù)Lon Huber的說(shuō)法，亞利桑那州的CREST提案可能會(huì)成為其他州的“警鐘”。
Huber 表示，“我們將看到其他州如何對(duì)此作出反應(yīng)。我認(rèn)為這對(duì)某些州是一個(gè)啟示，這些州可能沒(méi)有想過(guò)其可再生能源政策實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化，而這是一件關(guān)鍵的事情。其他州應(yīng)該注意到這種技術(shù)正在改進(jìn)，那么為什么不更新其能源政策呢？”
Arizona’s 3GW energy storage target, ‘Clean Peak plan’ part of a ‘wake up call’ to other states
Published: 31 Jan 2018, 14:20
By:
Andy Colthorpe
A 3,000MW energy storage target, proposed in Arizona as part of a grid modernisation policy, recognises the role of the technology in reducing the need for fossil fuels to stabilise the grid, a consultant has said.
Yesterday, Andy Tobin of the state’s regulator, the Corporation Commission, presented a plan that includes a goal to generate 80% of Arizona’s power from renewable sources by 2050, a commitment to review the existing Renewable Energy Standard and Tariff (REST) policy, to use renewables to mitigate peaks establishing a ‘Clean Peak’ standard and to deploy 3,000MW of energy storage to “l(fā)everage low priced energy during the day”.
The Commission will vote on the proposal in the next couple of weeks. A final vote is expected which would make the regulatory proposal legally binding, within six months to a year, Lon Huber, vice president and head of consulting at Stratagen Consulting, told Energy-Storage.News.
Commercial rooftop PV in Arizona. Utility solar prices in the state have plummeted in recent years. Image: Walmart Corporate.
The 3GW target would be the biggest established to date in the US – the first state to set a target, California, is calling for 1.35GW by 2024 and New York for 1.5GW by 2025. While the timeline for deployment is longer for Arizona than those two previous title-holders, Huber pointed out that relative to the state’s size, the figure pencils out at a far higher capacity deployed per capita than in the others.
Lon Huber said the establishment of the target is closely linked to known plans for development of new gas turbine facilities by Arizona’s major utilities, including Arizona Public Service, which is projecting that it will need 5GW of new gas plants by 2032. Huber said it was likely the 3,000MW figure was arrived at as “a fraction of the new combustion turbines in the IRP (Integrated Resource Plans) of the utilities”.
“I think the assessment of what could be cost-effective storage was probably based on the need for new peakers over the next 15 years, more than anything. I think the innovation here is that, depending on different states and how they do things, you could end up in a situation where you buy a lot of renewables but you still need a large fossil backup fleet.”
While renewables-plus-storage may not be ready to take over the role of large thermal generation plants – and in the case of Arizona, the US’ largest nuclear power plant – in providing baseload energy, Huber said that in the hierarchy of needs, peaker plants which are often only run on a part-time basis to stabilise the grid, come first. In a recent blog for Energy-Storage.News, Marek Kubik at storage system provider and integrator Fluence wrote about an academic study into Ireland's grid which showed the role batteries could play there in stabilising the grid using far less capacity than thermal generation.
Huber said Tobin and the Corporation Commission appear to have realised that ratepayers should not have to pay for both the renewables deployed and the fossil fuels used to stabilise their variable output onto the grid, with Arizona set to use “renewables to whittle down that fossil backup fleet, so that ratepayers don’t pay twice for resources”.
Essentially, with utility-scale solar prices lower than wholesale in Arizona, at as low as 2.5 to 3 cents per kWh on a 25-year PPA, the state has “super-cheap fuel” which it can now use for meeting peak demand, Huber said.
The plan
The multi-faceted proposal calls for:
Modernisation of policy framework – including renaming the REST policy the Clean Resource Energy Standard and Tariff (CREST). The Commission said will “allow for the development of broader diversified energy policies relating to clean energy resources, energy storage, and energy efficiency, not just those related to renewable energy”.
80% clean energy goal – the state will generate 80% of its energy from renewable and clean sources by 2050, with an “ultimate 100% goal”, although no timeline has been given for the latter. Utilities will file annual CREST plans with the regulator to demonstrate how they will work towards achieving these goals.
3,000MW energy storage target by 2030 – the Commission aims to enable the state to “l(fā)everage” off-peak power generated during the day by solar, as well as adding resilience and stability to the grid network. Again, utilities will file annual CREST implementation plans with the regulator.
Biomass – 60MW target for utilities to procure annually between them. Part of the idea behind this policy is to sustainably source fuel from forests which pose a wildfire risk if their growth is kept unchecked.
Clean Peak standard – regulated utilities will be required to set a Clean Peak Target, harnessing dipatchable renewable energy. The utilities must incrementally increase their baseline figure of peak energy coming from renewable sources by 1.5% each year, again filing annual CREST implementation plans with the Corporation Commission.
Utility view
Lon Huber said that while there have been well-publicised battles over solar in Arizona, particularly in a pushback against rooftop solar from utilities, utility–scale PV in the state is far cheaper and with a higher capacity value, hence support for utility solar has been strong for some time.
“The distribution system in Arizona is not like in New York or California, there’s not huge constrained load pocket that you can’t get wires into and so there’s no way a distribution system can make up for a seven cent gap or whatever it is. So I think it’s important to note that Arizona is a different animal in terms of distributed versus utility-scale,” Huber said.
The utilities will have to modify their 15-year IRPs to meet the new standards, Huber said and it will be a case of “wait and see” what the likes of TEP, APS and NV Energy – which recently announced a renewables tender that included consideration of energy storage – have to say as major stakeholders in the energy system. The Arizona CREST proposal could be a “wake up call” for other states, according to Lon Huber.
“We’ll see how other states react to it. It’s anyone’s guess but I think it should send a little bit of a wake-up call to certain states that maybe haven’t thought about modernising their renewable energy policy…That’s sort of like the key thing. Other states should take note - technology is improving, why don’t you update your policies to take that into account?”
