中國儲能網(wǎng)訊：日前，美國儲能協(xié)會（ESA）負(fù)責(zé)人對美國前能源部長朱棣文（Steven Chu）提出的有關(guān)儲能技術(shù)局限性的評論做出了回應(yīng)。
美國儲能協(xié)會（ESA）首席執(zhí)行官Kelly Speakes-Backman對此表示，人們應(yīng)該注意到儲能技術(shù)價(jià)格的持續(xù)下滑，同時(shí)也需要在研發(fā)方面投入更多的資金以提高其能力。
曾在奧巴馬政府任職的朱棣文表示，特斯拉公司首席執(zhí)行官伊隆·馬斯克（Elon Musk）在南澳大利亞州部署的鋰離子電池儲能系統(tǒng)的成本是產(chǎn)生同等發(fā)電量的現(xiàn)有水力發(fā)電廠成本的40倍左右。他表示，雖然部署電池儲能系統(tǒng)的成本在未來十年可能會減半，但這種方法的成本永遠(yuǎn)不會低到可以適應(yīng)可再生能源生產(chǎn)的大幅度季節(jié)性變化。
而Speakes-Backman表示，她與朱棣文曾經(jīng)達(dá)成一致意見，電池儲能將能夠提供日常使用的電能，甚至可能提供多日。
她也同意他的一個看法，即季節(jié)性儲能將需要采用不同的技術(shù)，其中可能包括電力-天然氣儲能。
Speakes-Backman說，“然而，在目前的市場設(shè)計(jì)和公共政策下，季節(jié)性儲能市場并不存在，研發(fā)投資可以幫助使季節(jié)性儲能技術(shù)成本更低，因?yàn)槭袌龊驼叩陌l(fā)展對季節(jié)性儲能所帶來的屬性進(jìn)行了評估?！?
她還指出，目前已經(jīng)在使用電池儲能來補(bǔ)充或替代現(xiàn)有的發(fā)電能力，提供電網(wǎng)穩(wěn)定服務(wù)，并提供現(xiàn)場備份，以強(qiáng)化相應(yīng)技術(shù)的快速進(jìn)展。
她說，“值得注意的是，儲能技術(shù)成本比大多數(shù)預(yù)測下降的速度要快得多，所以這個市場的評估者和觀察者在評估儲能成本時(shí)必須要靈活。過去四年來，電池儲能的安裝成本下降了50％，而且這個速度在未來幾年可能會持續(xù)下去。當(dāng)然，其結(jié)果就是儲能項(xiàng)目的經(jīng)濟(jì)競爭將會更加激烈。
我們剛剛從Xcel Colorado公司的咨詢報(bào)告中了解到，在2023年之前交付的風(fēng)電和儲能組合電力價(jià)格為21美元/兆瓦時(shí)，太陽能和儲能組合的電價(jià)為36美元/兆瓦時(shí)。這個報(bào)告表明開發(fā)商在不久的將來能夠獲得成本更低、更多的儲能電源。”
Speakes-Backman接著補(bǔ)充說，“隨著儲能技術(shù)價(jià)格繼續(xù)下滑，春業(yè)績范圍和持續(xù)時(shí)間將會繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大。這意味著新的兆瓦級電池儲能項(xiàng)目將會持續(xù)供電更長的時(shí)間。事實(shí)上，目前電池儲能在經(jīng)濟(jì)上沒有補(bǔ)貼，持續(xù)時(shí)間長達(dá)8小時(shí)。”
她總結(jié)說，在美國各地安裝的儲能設(shè)施的成本越來越低，在亞利桑那州、北卡羅萊納州和夏威夷等多個州的公用事業(yè)綜合資源計(jì)劃（IRP）證明電池儲能是一種經(jīng)濟(jì)資源。
而人們可以理解的是，燃料電池技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的運(yùn)營商對于朱棣文的評論表示認(rèn)同。
負(fù)責(zé)運(yùn)營燃料電池能源網(wǎng)絡(luò)的Blueterra的能源顧問Jeroen Buunk表示，燃料電池能夠解決電池儲能以外的問題。
他說，“雖然電池儲能在未來的電力系統(tǒng)中將扮演重要的角色，但在冬季電力短缺的情況下，電池儲能部署并不能滿足用電需求，仍然需要調(diào)整能源生產(chǎn)來度過電力短缺的時(shí)期。而采用燃料電池則很完美，從長遠(yuǎn)來看，氫燃料電池具有很大的潛力，可以用過量的電能來產(chǎn)生氫氣，通過電解，在電力不足的時(shí)候作為燃料電池的燃料?！?
盡管朱棣文提出了這樣的看法，但專家對可再生能源滲透率不同的季節(jié)性儲能的必要性也存在一些分歧，美國國家可再生能源實(shí)驗(yàn)室的報(bào)告證明了這一點(diǎn)。（中國儲能網(wǎng)獨(dú)家編譯，轉(zhuǎn)載請注明來源）
原文如下：
Energy Storage Association chief responds to former US energy secretary comments
02/01/2018
By Diarmaid Williams
International Digital Editor
The head of the Energy Storage Association (ESA) in the US has responded to comments made by former energy secretary Steven Chu about the limitations of storage technology.
Kelly Speakes-Backman, CEO of ESA told Power Engineering International, that commentators should note the continuing decline in the price of the technology, and also the need to invest more in research and development to bolster its capabilities.
Professor Chu, who served during the Obama administration, was reported in the Australian as saying that the huge lithium-ion battery built in South Australia by Tesla boss Elon Musk had cost about 40 times as much as an equivalent power plant using an existing hydro-electric dam. He said while the costs of building battery plants were likely to halve over the next decade, the approach would never be cheap enough to accommodate the big seasonal shifts in renewable power production.
Speakes-Backman told PEi she was in agreement with Professor Chu when he stated that batteries will prove capable of providing daily storage and potentially even multi-day storage.
She also concurred with him that seasonal storage will require different technologies, which could include power-to-gas storage.
“However, under present market designs and public policy, there is not a market for seasonal storage R&D investments can help make technologies for seasonal storage cheaper, as markets and policy evolve to value the attributes that seasonal storage provides. “
Speakes-Backman also pointed out that battery storage is already being used today to complement or replace existing wires and generation capacity, provide grid stabilization services, and provide onsite backup for resilience, before emphasising the relatively rapid progress being made, in tems of costs and technical development.
“It is important to note that the cost of storage has dropped much faster than most predictions, and so evaluators and observers of this market must be nimble in their assessment of storage costs.”
“The installed cost of battery grid storage fell 50 per cent in the last four years, and this rate is likely to continue for the next several years. The result, of course, is that storage project economics are increasingly competitive.”
“We’ve just seen from the Xcel Colorado all-source solicitation reported median bids (meaning half are lower) for combined wind & storage PPAs at $21/MWh and solar & storage PPAs at $36/MWh for delivery before 2023. The Xcel Colorado bids show just how much cheaper developers expect it to get in the near future.”
The ESA chief went on to add that ‘a(chǎn)s prices continue to decline, performance range and duration will continue to expand.’
“This means new megawatt-scale battery storage projects are arriving with longer durations. In fact, battery storage is being deployed economically without subsidies today,in durations up to 8 hours.”
The ESA chief concluded comments by noting that installations are already economic across the US, as evidenced by utility Integrated Resource Plans (IRPs) in states as diverse as Arizona, North Carolina, and Hawaii selecting battery storage as an economic resource.
Professor Chu’s comments were understandably better received by operators in the fuel cell technology sector.
Jeroen Buunk, energy consultant at Blueterra, which operates the Fuel Cell Energy Network, told Power Engineering International that fuel cells were capable of solving issues, beyond the capability of batteries.
"Although batteries will have an important role in the electricity system of the future, they won’t be a solution for covering the electricity needs during long-time electricity shortages in the winter. There will still be a need for adjustable energy production to cover the periods of electricity shortage."
"Fuel cells would be perfect to that. I would add to Professor Chu's comments that, in the long-term, hydrogen fuel cells have a lot of potential. Excess electricity could be used to produce hydrogen via electrolysis and in times of electricity shortage used as fuel for fuel cells."
Despite Chu’s assertions, there is some disagreement among experts on the necessity of seasonal storage under varying levels of renewable energy penetration, as evidenced in National Renewable Energy Laboratory reports.
