中國儲能網(wǎng)訊：歐盟委員會的選舉在6月6日至9日舉行，在這一關(guān)鍵時刻，歐洲儲能協(xié)會（EASE）呼吁歐盟政策制定者認識到儲能系統(tǒng)在解決能源行業(yè)挑戰(zhàn)中發(fā)揮的重要作用。
隨著歐盟選舉的臨近，歐洲儲能協(xié)會再次強調(diào)在今年3月發(fā)布的“宣言”的重要性。該協(xié)會在宣言中明確指出，儲能系統(tǒng)不僅是提升能源安全和工業(yè)競爭力的“關(guān)鍵工具”，更是降低歐洲能源費用和推動脫碳進程的重要驅(qū)動力。
據(jù)媒體報道，氣候問題已經(jīng)成為歐盟成員國中備受關(guān)注的一個熱門話題，而自從2022年俄烏沖突導(dǎo)致進口天然氣成本大幅攀升以來，能源成本一直成為頭條新聞。
歐洲儲能協(xié)會認為，儲能系統(tǒng)與可再生能源發(fā)電設(shè)施相結(jié)合，可以取代天然氣調(diào)峰電廠，減少對進口化石燃料的依賴。此外，清潔能源產(chǎn)生的電力還能有效穩(wěn)定電力供應(yīng)，降低消費者和工業(yè)用戶由于波動電價帶來的經(jīng)濟壓力。
與此同時，歐盟面臨著無法實現(xiàn)2030年脫碳目標的潛在風(fēng)險。然而，通過充分利用儲能技術(shù)，可以最大限度地利用可再生能源的電力，顯著減少輸配電基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施升級的成本，并有效緩解日益加劇的電網(wǎng)擁塞問題，從而降低這些風(fēng)險。
根據(jù)統(tǒng)計，僅在2022年，電網(wǎng)擁塞給德國造成的損失高達40億歐元（約合43.6億美元）。更令人關(guān)注的是，德國去年甚至經(jīng)歷了15萬次以上的電力供應(yīng)中斷，凸顯了電網(wǎng)的脆弱性和不穩(wěn)定性。此外，歐洲儲能協(xié)會的研究報告表明，歐洲大約60%的能源依賴進口，這進一步加劇了能源安全和穩(wěn)定性的挑戰(zhàn)。
歐洲的儲能部署正在加速，2023年新增了10GWh以上的儲能系統(tǒng)，其中約70%是住宅電池儲能系統(tǒng)。
歐盟立法者已經(jīng)認識儲能系統(tǒng)發(fā)揮的重要作用，以實現(xiàn)到2040年90%的電力來自可再生能源以及到2050年實現(xiàn)凈零經(jīng)濟的目標，同時確保能源安全和供應(yīng)穩(wěn)定。
2023年4月，歐盟能源專員Kadri Simson在對歐洲議會成員的演講中將儲能系統(tǒng)描述為能源轉(zhuǎn)型的“核心”， 而在幾個月后，隨著電力市場設(shè)計改革的提出和歐盟對改革的投票通過，這一觀點得到了進一步的強化。這些改革措施明確指出，如果不加大儲能系統(tǒng)的部署力度，就不可能增加可再生能源的份額。
然而，歐洲儲能協(xié)會表示，盡管有這些計劃和改革，但它們在解決儲能部署所面臨的障礙方面仍顯不足。
歐洲儲能協(xié)會在今年年初表示，一些歐盟成員國的國家能源和氣候計劃(NECP)草案在支持儲能部署方面存在很大不足。在這些計劃中，僅有西班牙和葡萄牙的國家能源和氣候計劃(NECP)在三項關(guān)鍵指標中的兩項被評估為“走在正確的道路上”，而其他27個國家的計劃則在所有三個方面均未獲得認可與。
為了推動儲能行業(yè)的發(fā)展，歐洲儲能協(xié)會提出了“六點計劃”，旨在消除障礙，實現(xiàn)長期投資確定性。這一計劃將針對當前儲能部署所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)，提出一系列具有針對性和可行性的建議。
歐洲儲能協(xié)會的宣言包含六點計劃，以實現(xiàn)所設(shè)定的各項目標：
（1）加快監(jiān)管改革，消除儲能部署的持續(xù)障礙，確保國家能源和氣候計劃(NECP)符合歐盟的目標。這將包括迅速實施電力市場設(shè)計改革和歐盟期待已久的清潔能源一攬子計劃，同時解決后者的“法律模糊性”。
（2）制定歐盟儲能戰(zhàn)略。歐洲儲能協(xié)會表示，歐盟成員國已經(jīng)引入了不同的計劃和工具來支持儲能部署，包括差價合約、容量市場和拍賣，這些計劃和工具應(yīng)該是一致設(shè)計和互補的。
（3）使歐盟供暖和制冷戰(zhàn)略與氣候和能源安全政策驅(qū)動因素保持一致。這將實現(xiàn)更高的效率和部門耦合。歐洲儲能協(xié)會指出，在工業(yè)部門，使用儲能系統(tǒng)技術(shù)可以在全球范圍內(nèi)回收約2500TWh的廢熱。
（4）迅速將2040年脫碳目標寫入歐盟法律。今年早些時候泄露的一份草案設(shè)定了到2040年達到90%的目標，將歐盟置于這一軌道上，將為包括儲能系統(tǒng)在內(nèi)的清潔能源領(lǐng)域的投資者提供確定性。
（5）開發(fā)歐盟電力彈性市場和新的市場，這將整合不斷上升的可再生能源份額，限制棄電，并以經(jīng)濟高效的方式解決電網(wǎng)擁塞問題。
（6）更新電網(wǎng)使用和并網(wǎng)費用結(jié)構(gòu)，包括消除雙重征稅（大多數(shù)歐盟國家的儲能系統(tǒng)在向電網(wǎng)排放和從電網(wǎng)接收電力時被收取兩次費用，電網(wǎng)法規(guī)早在電池儲能系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)之前就已經(jīng)制定），這意味著儲能資源被定義為向電網(wǎng)供電的“發(fā)電設(shè)施”和從電網(wǎng)提取的“負載”，并相應(yīng)收取費用。
‘Energy storage can meet Europe’s energy challenges’: Trade group EASE issues ‘manifesto’
By Andy Colthorpe
June 7, 2024
European Parliament elections are underway. Image: European Parliament.
Trade association EASE has urged policymakers to recognise the vital role energy storage can play in solving energy sector challenges as European Union (EU) elections take place.
With EU elections underway from 6-9 June, EASE—the European Association for Storage of Energy—sent out a media alert regarding a ‘manifesto’ it published in March ahead of the runup to voting. EASE said energy storage is a “crucial tool” to boost energy security and industrial competitiveness, help lower energy bills across Europe and enable decarbonisation.
According to various media reports, the climate is more of a hot-button topic than ever in some European Union Member States, while ever since the 2022 invasion of Ukraine by Russia sent the cost of imported gas skywards, energy costs have been a constant headline issue.
EASE argued that energy storage paired with locally generated renewable energy can replace gas peaker plants, reducing dependency on polluting fossil fuel imports. Clean energy technologies can also help stabilise and reduce consumer and industry exposure to high and volatile electricity prices.
At the same time, the risk of falling short of the EU’s 2030 decarbonisation targets can be mitigated by leveraging energy storage to maximise the adoption of renewables integration on the grid, reduce the cost of transmission and distribution (T&D) infrastructure upgrades, and decongest increasingly constrained networks.
Grid congestion costs in Germany alone totalled €4 billion (US$4.36 billion) in 2022. while the country experienced more than 150.000 electricity supply interruptions in the previous year. EASE also noted that around 60% of energy is imported across Europe.
Storage deployment in the continent is accelerating, with over 10GWh of new installations recorded in 2023, about 70% of which were residential battery systems.
At the top level, European Union lawmakers have recognised the potential roles energy storage must play in meeting goals that include 90% renewable energy by 2040 and a net zero economy by 2050 while maintaining and enhancing energy security and stability of supply.
In April 2023. European Commissioner for energy Kadri Simson described energy storage as a “centrepiece” of the energy transition in a speech to Members of European Parliament (MEPs), while proposed reforms to Electricity Market Design a couple of months later and since voted in for adoption by the EU highlighted that increasing shares of renewables would be impossible without energy storage deployment increasing.
However, the various plans have also contained missed opportunities to address barriers to storage deployment, according to EASE and the Energy Storage Coalition, which the trade association is part of, along with counterparts in solar PV, wind power, and Bill Gates’ Breakthrough Energy sustainability VC group.
At the beginning of this year, the Energy Storage Coalition also said that EU Member States’ draft National Energy and Climate Plans (NECPs) largely fell short in supporting energy storage. Only Spain and Portugal’s NECPs were assessed to be “on the right path” on two out of three metrics, and none of the 27 states’ plans were commended in all three areas.
‘Six-point plan: ‘Remove barriers, enable long-term investment certainty’
EASE’s manifesto contains a six-point plan to achieve the various goals set out:
1.Accelerate regulatory changes to eliminate persistent barriers to storage deployment and ensure NECPs are ambitious and in line with EU goals. These would include rapidly implementing Electricity Market Design reform and the EU’s long-awaited Clean Energy Package while addressing “l(fā)egal ambiguities” in the latter.
2.Develop a European Union energy storage strategy. Various Member States have introduced different schemes and tools to support storage, including Contracts for Difference (CFDs), capacity markets and auctions, and these should be coherently designed and complementary, EASE said.
3.Align the EU Heating and Cooling Strategy with climate and energy security policy drivers. This would enable greater efficiencies and sector coupling, with EASE noting that in the industrial sector, for example, some 2.500TWh of waste heat could be recovered globally using energy storage system technologies.
4.To swiftly write into law 2040 decarbonisation targets. A leaked draft earlier this year set out the 90% by 2040 target, and putting the EU on that trajectory would provide certainty to investors in the clean energy sector including storage.
5.Develop local electricity flexibility markets and new market products, which would integrate rising shares of renewable energy, limit curtailment and cost-efficiently solve network constraints and congestion.
6. Update grid use and access fee structures, including the elimination of double taxation—where storage resources in most EU countries are charged fees twice, for discharging into the grid as well as for receiving power from it—taking into account the positive impact of energy storage on network management and decarbonisation. In most EU Member States, and in many other parts of the world, grid regulations were drawn up long before the advent of grid-connected battery storage, meaning that storage resources are defined as both ‘generators’ supplying into the grid and ‘load’ drawing from the grid, and levied charges accordingly.
