中國(guó)儲(chǔ)能網(wǎng)訊：歐盟委員會(huì)的選舉在6月6日至9日舉行，在這一關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻，歐洲儲(chǔ)能協(xié)會(huì)（EASE）呼吁歐盟政策制定者認(rèn)識(shí)到儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)在解決能源行業(yè)挑戰(zhàn)中發(fā)揮的重要作用。
隨著歐盟選舉的臨近，歐洲儲(chǔ)能協(xié)會(huì)再次強(qiáng)調(diào)在今年3月發(fā)布的“宣言”的重要性。該協(xié)會(huì)在宣言中明確指出，儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)不僅是提升能源安全和工業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的“關(guān)鍵工具”，更是降低歐洲能源費(fèi)用和推動(dòng)脫碳進(jìn)程的重要驅(qū)動(dòng)力。
據(jù)媒體報(bào)道，氣候問(wèn)題已經(jīng)成為歐盟成員國(guó)中備受關(guān)注的一個(gè)熱門(mén)話題，而自從2022年俄烏沖突導(dǎo)致進(jìn)口天然氣成本大幅攀升以來(lái)，能源成本一直成為頭條新聞。
歐洲儲(chǔ)能協(xié)會(huì)認(rèn)為，儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)與可再生能源發(fā)電設(shè)施相結(jié)合，可以取代天然氣調(diào)峰電廠，減少對(duì)進(jìn)口化石燃料的依賴。此外，清潔能源產(chǎn)生的電力還能有效穩(wěn)定電力供應(yīng)，降低消費(fèi)者和工業(yè)用戶由于波動(dòng)電價(jià)帶來(lái)的經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力。
與此同時(shí)，歐盟面臨著無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)2030年脫碳目標(biāo)的潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。然而，通過(guò)充分利用儲(chǔ)能技術(shù)，可以最大限度地利用可再生能源的電力，顯著減少輸配電基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施升級(jí)的成本，并有效緩解日益加劇的電網(wǎng)擁塞問(wèn)題，從而降低這些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
根據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，僅在2022年，電網(wǎng)擁塞給德國(guó)造成的損失高達(dá)40億歐元（約合43.6億美元）。更令人關(guān)注的是，德國(guó)去年甚至經(jīng)歷了15萬(wàn)次以上的電力供應(yīng)中斷，凸顯了電網(wǎng)的脆弱性和不穩(wěn)定性。此外，歐洲儲(chǔ)能協(xié)會(huì)的研究報(bào)告表明，歐洲大約60%的能源依賴進(jìn)口，這進(jìn)一步加劇了能源安全和穩(wěn)定性的挑戰(zhàn)。
歐洲的儲(chǔ)能部署正在加速，2023年新增了10GWh以上的儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)，其中約70%是住宅電池儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)。
歐盟立法者已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)發(fā)揮的重要作用，以實(shí)現(xiàn)到2040年90%的電力來(lái)自可再生能源以及到2050年實(shí)現(xiàn)凈零經(jīng)濟(jì)的目標(biāo)，同時(shí)確保能源安全和供應(yīng)穩(wěn)定。
2023年4月，歐盟能源專(zhuān)員Kadri Simson在對(duì)歐洲議會(huì)成員的演講中將儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)描述為能源轉(zhuǎn)型的“核心”， 而在幾個(gè)月后，隨著電力市場(chǎng)設(shè)計(jì)改革的提出和歐盟對(duì)改革的投票通過(guò)，這一觀點(diǎn)得到了進(jìn)一步的強(qiáng)化。這些改革措施明確指出，如果不加大儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)的部署力度，就不可能增加可再生能源的份額。
然而，歐洲儲(chǔ)能協(xié)會(huì)表示，盡管有這些計(jì)劃和改革，但它們?cè)诮鉀Q儲(chǔ)能部署所面臨的障礙方面仍顯不足。
歐洲儲(chǔ)能協(xié)會(huì)在今年年初表示，一些歐盟成員國(guó)的國(guó)家能源和氣候計(jì)劃(NECP)草案在支持儲(chǔ)能部署方面存在很大不足。在這些計(jì)劃中，僅有西班牙和葡萄牙的國(guó)家能源和氣候計(jì)劃(NECP)在三項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵指標(biāo)中的兩項(xiàng)被評(píng)估為“走在正確的道路上”，而其他27個(gè)國(guó)家的計(jì)劃則在所有三個(gè)方面均未獲得認(rèn)可與。
為了推動(dòng)儲(chǔ)能行業(yè)的發(fā)展，歐洲儲(chǔ)能協(xié)會(huì)提出了“六點(diǎn)計(jì)劃”，旨在消除障礙，實(shí)現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)期投資確定性。這一計(jì)劃將針對(duì)當(dāng)前儲(chǔ)能部署所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)，提出一系列具有針對(duì)性和可行性的建議。
歐洲儲(chǔ)能協(xié)會(huì)的宣言包含六點(diǎn)計(jì)劃，以實(shí)現(xiàn)所設(shè)定的各項(xiàng)目標(biāo)：
（1）加快監(jiān)管改革，消除儲(chǔ)能部署的持續(xù)障礙，確保國(guó)家能源和氣候計(jì)劃(NECP)符合歐盟的目標(biāo)。這將包括迅速實(shí)施電力市場(chǎng)設(shè)計(jì)改革和歐盟期待已久的清潔能源一攬子計(jì)劃，同時(shí)解決后者的“法律模糊性”。
（2）制定歐盟儲(chǔ)能戰(zhàn)略。歐洲儲(chǔ)能協(xié)會(huì)表示，歐盟成員國(guó)已經(jīng)引入了不同的計(jì)劃和工具來(lái)支持儲(chǔ)能部署，包括差價(jià)合約、容量市場(chǎng)和拍賣(mài)，這些計(jì)劃和工具應(yīng)該是一致設(shè)計(jì)和互補(bǔ)的。
（3）使歐盟供暖和制冷戰(zhàn)略與氣候和能源安全政策驅(qū)動(dòng)因素保持一致。這將實(shí)現(xiàn)更高的效率和部門(mén)耦合。歐洲儲(chǔ)能協(xié)會(huì)指出，在工業(yè)部門(mén)，使用儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)技術(shù)可以在全球范圍內(nèi)回收約2500TWh的廢熱。
（4）迅速將2040年脫碳目標(biāo)寫(xiě)入歐盟法律。今年早些時(shí)候泄露的一份草案設(shè)定了到2040年達(dá)到90%的目標(biāo)，將歐盟置于這一軌道上，將為包括儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)在內(nèi)的清潔能源領(lǐng)域的投資者提供確定性。
（5）開(kāi)發(fā)歐盟電力彈性市場(chǎng)和新的市場(chǎng)，這將整合不斷上升的可再生能源份額，限制棄電，并以經(jīng)濟(jì)高效的方式解決電網(wǎng)擁塞問(wèn)題。
（6）更新電網(wǎng)使用和并網(wǎng)費(fèi)用結(jié)構(gòu)，包括消除雙重征稅（大多數(shù)歐盟國(guó)家的儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)在向電網(wǎng)排放和從電網(wǎng)接收電力時(shí)被收取兩次費(fèi)用，電網(wǎng)法規(guī)早在電池儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)之前就已經(jīng)制定），這意味著儲(chǔ)能資源被定義為向電網(wǎng)供電的“發(fā)電設(shè)施”和從電網(wǎng)提取的“負(fù)載”，并相應(yīng)收取費(fèi)用。
‘Energy storage can meet Europe’s energy challenges’: Trade group EASE issues ‘manifesto’
By Andy Colthorpe
June 7, 2024
European Parliament elections are underway. Image: European Parliament.
Trade association EASE has urged policymakers to recognise the vital role energy storage can play in solving energy sector challenges as European Union (EU) elections take place.
With EU elections underway from 6-9 June, EASE—the European Association for Storage of Energy—sent out a media alert regarding a ‘manifesto’ it published in March ahead of the runup to voting. EASE said energy storage is a “crucial tool” to boost energy security and industrial competitiveness, help lower energy bills across Europe and enable decarbonisation.
According to various media reports, the climate is more of a hot-button topic than ever in some European Union Member States, while ever since the 2022 invasion of Ukraine by Russia sent the cost of imported gas skywards, energy costs have been a constant headline issue.
EASE argued that energy storage paired with locally generated renewable energy can replace gas peaker plants, reducing dependency on polluting fossil fuel imports. Clean energy technologies can also help stabilise and reduce consumer and industry exposure to high and volatile electricity prices.
At the same time, the risk of falling short of the EU’s 2030 decarbonisation targets can be mitigated by leveraging energy storage to maximise the adoption of renewables integration on the grid, reduce the cost of transmission and distribution (T&D) infrastructure upgrades, and decongest increasingly constrained networks.
Grid congestion costs in Germany alone totalled €4 billion (US$4.36 billion) in 2022. while the country experienced more than 150.000 electricity supply interruptions in the previous year. EASE also noted that around 60% of energy is imported across Europe.
Storage deployment in the continent is accelerating, with over 10GWh of new installations recorded in 2023, about 70% of which were residential battery systems.
At the top level, European Union lawmakers have recognised the potential roles energy storage must play in meeting goals that include 90% renewable energy by 2040 and a net zero economy by 2050 while maintaining and enhancing energy security and stability of supply.
In April 2023. European Commissioner for energy Kadri Simson described energy storage as a “centrepiece” of the energy transition in a speech to Members of European Parliament (MEPs), while proposed reforms to Electricity Market Design a couple of months later and since voted in for adoption by the EU highlighted that increasing shares of renewables would be impossible without energy storage deployment increasing.
However, the various plans have also contained missed opportunities to address barriers to storage deployment, according to EASE and the Energy Storage Coalition, which the trade association is part of, along with counterparts in solar PV, wind power, and Bill Gates’ Breakthrough Energy sustainability VC group.
At the beginning of this year, the Energy Storage Coalition also said that EU Member States’ draft National Energy and Climate Plans (NECPs) largely fell short in supporting energy storage. Only Spain and Portugal’s NECPs were assessed to be “on the right path” on two out of three metrics, and none of the 27 states’ plans were commended in all three areas.
‘Six-point plan: ‘Remove barriers, enable long-term investment certainty’
EASE’s manifesto contains a six-point plan to achieve the various goals set out:
1.Accelerate regulatory changes to eliminate persistent barriers to storage deployment and ensure NECPs are ambitious and in line with EU goals. These would include rapidly implementing Electricity Market Design reform and the EU’s long-awaited Clean Energy Package while addressing “l(fā)egal ambiguities” in the latter.
2.Develop a European Union energy storage strategy. Various Member States have introduced different schemes and tools to support storage, including Contracts for Difference (CFDs), capacity markets and auctions, and these should be coherently designed and complementary, EASE said.
3.Align the EU Heating and Cooling Strategy with climate and energy security policy drivers. This would enable greater efficiencies and sector coupling, with EASE noting that in the industrial sector, for example, some 2.500TWh of waste heat could be recovered globally using energy storage system technologies.
4.To swiftly write into law 2040 decarbonisation targets. A leaked draft earlier this year set out the 90% by 2040 target, and putting the EU on that trajectory would provide certainty to investors in the clean energy sector including storage.
5.Develop local electricity flexibility markets and new market products, which would integrate rising shares of renewable energy, limit curtailment and cost-efficiently solve network constraints and congestion.
6. Update grid use and access fee structures, including the elimination of double taxation—where storage resources in most EU countries are charged fees twice, for discharging into the grid as well as for receiving power from it—taking into account the positive impact of energy storage on network management and decarbonisation. In most EU Member States, and in many other parts of the world, grid regulations were drawn up long before the advent of grid-connected battery storage, meaning that storage resources are defined as both ‘generators’ supplying into the grid and ‘load’ drawing from the grid, and levied charges accordingly.
