太陽能高溫相變儲熱技術(shù)的研究
Research of high temperature heat storage for solar energy
公開范圍: 公開 編制時間: 2013年7月30日
報告類型: 最終報告
報告作者: [1]張東(同濟大學)
中文摘要: 隨著常規(guī)能源緊張和對環(huán)保問題的關(guān)注,國際上對太陽能熱發(fā)電技術(shù)投入了極大關(guān)注。歐洲計劃在2050年前通過采用太陽能熱發(fā)電廠替代接近使用壽命的火力發(fā)電廠,達到解決能源供應和保護環(huán)境的雙重目的。在我國中長期科學和技術(shù)發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要中,針對能源形勢,也明確提出研究開發(fā)太陽能熱發(fā)電技術(shù)。在太陽能熱發(fā)電技術(shù)領(lǐng)域,高溫儲熱技術(shù)可顯著提高太陽能利用效率和發(fā)電機組的運行效率,降低太陽能熱發(fā)電成本。因此,高溫儲熱技術(shù)已成為太陽能熱發(fā)電技術(shù)大規(guī)模和低成本推廣的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)之一,在太陽能熱發(fā)電場投資中占有不小的比重。此外,高溫儲熱技術(shù)對于消除太陽能熱發(fā)電不穩(wěn)定性對電網(wǎng)沖擊和太陽能熱發(fā)電廠在偏遠地區(qū)離網(wǎng)連續(xù)運行等方面也具有重要的技術(shù)價值。因此,在國內(nèi)外即將大量興建太陽能熱發(fā)電廠和對環(huán)境保護要求越來越高的形勢下,高溫儲熱技術(shù)廣闊的應用前景。 針對上述背景,我們在研究“太陽能高溫相變儲熱技術(shù)的研究”的兩年時間里,相繼開展了高溫相變儲熱材料、高溫相變儲熱單元和裝置的研究。首先開發(fā)相變溫度高于400攝氏度的高溫相變材料的制備技術(shù),采用納米多孔石墨強化其導熱性能,提高儲熱/放熱功率、簡化儲熱體內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu),具有較高的應用價值。建立了自動化的高溫相變材料循環(huán)穩(wěn)定性測試裝置,可快速高效測試高溫相變材料的循環(huán)穩(wěn)定性能。在材料研究基礎(chǔ)上,采用實驗研究和理論模擬相結(jié)合的方法,研究了高溫相變儲熱單元。對其內(nèi)部溫度分布、儲熱/放熱性能、影響因素等進行了比較全面分析和研究。建立了比較完整的設(shè)計方法,為進一步開展實際應用打下了良好的基礎(chǔ)。采用組合思路以高溫相變儲熱單元為基本模塊,可靈活組建具有不同儲熱容量的高溫相變儲熱裝置,適合不同規(guī)模和不同領(lǐng)域的儲熱需求,具有應用范圍廣的優(yōu)點。
英文摘要: Solar power is attracting more and more attention due to the shortage of traditional energy and environmental pollution. High temperature heat storage can improve the solar energy utilization efficiency and cut down the cost of solar power, so it is one of the key technologies of solar power. In this project high temperature phase change materials for heat storage, high temperature phase change modules and system were studied in two years. Firstly, high temperature phase change materials whose phase change temperature is higher than 400 oC were studied, including their preparation method, thermal conductivity enhancement with nanoporous graphite, improvement of charging and discharging power, simplification of internal structure. An automatic cycling stability test system was developed and used to test the cycling stability of high temperature phase change materials fast and efficiently. Based on material study, high temperature phase change modules were studied by means of experimental and simulation methods, including their internal temperature distribution, charging/discharging performance and influencing factors, resulting design method of high temperature heat storage modules, which is useful for future applications. Using combination principle, high temperature heat storage system with different heat storage capacity can be made up of different amount of modules easily, to meet applications with different requirement of heat storage levels in different fields.
中文關(guān)鍵詞: 相變材料;高溫儲熱;太陽能
英文關(guān)鍵詞: Phase change material; High temperature heat storage; Solar energy
全文頁數(shù): 42,圖64,表1
館 藏 號: 306--2013-003498
項目/課題名稱: 太陽能高溫相變儲熱技術(shù)的研究
計劃名稱: 國家高技術(shù)研究發(fā)展計劃
立 項 年: 2009年